Prof. Hallvard Moe
Work Package Co-Leader
University of Bergen
Hallvard Moe is Professor of Media Studies at the Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen. He is also head of Bergen Media Research group with Brita Ytre-Arne. Moe is interested in the role of media in democracy, and has researched public service broadcasting policy, and media policy more generally. He has worked on issues with media and the public sphere theoretically as well as empirically, combining a historical interest with analyses of online media from blogs to Twitter. Moe has co-authored textbooks in media studies, co-written research monographs, co-edited anthologies and journal special issues, and published around 35 articles in peer-reviewed journals as well as around 20 book chapters.
2023
Borchgrevink-Brækhus, Marianne; Moe, Hallvard
The Burden of Subscribing: How Young People Experience Digital News Subscriptions Journal Article
In: Journalism Studies , 2023.
@article{Borchgrevink-Brækhus2023,
title = {The Burden of Subscribing: How Young People Experience Digital News Subscriptions},
author = {Marianne Borchgrevink-Brækhus and Hallvard Moe },
url = {https://mediafutures.no/the-burden-of-subscribing-how-young-people-experience-digital-news-subscriptions/},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-04-17},
urldate = {2023-04-17},
journal = {Journalism Studies },
abstract = {This paper analyzes how young non-paying news users experience digital news subscriptions in Norway. As news organizations face
declining advertising revenues, digital subscriptions are considered the sustainable financial strategy of the future, with young people a particularly challenging group to convert. We analyze the experiences of young adults who do not pay for news and identify three key dimensions to why they do not subscribe:
lack of exclusivity, subscriptions as too time-consuming, and unattractive payment models. We also detail how the informants maneuver around paywalls, and we highlight “multiperspectivism” as an overarching concern guiding the informants’ preferences. Empirically, the paper furthers our understanding of
the challenges facing business models for journalism, especially problems with long-term, provider-specific subscriptions. Methodologically, we demonstrate how a combination of recurring interviews and a media diary matching a subscription test period yields a deeper analysis of motivations for, and
experiences with, news use. Theoretically, the paper shows how approaching news through users’ experiences can provide insights not just into what users appreciate from news but also into where they consider there is a lack of value.},
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pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
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This paper analyzes how young non-paying news users experience digital news subscriptions in Norway. As news organizations face
declining advertising revenues, digital subscriptions are considered the sustainable financial strategy of the future, with young people a particularly challenging group to convert. We analyze the experiences of young adults who do not pay for news and identify three key dimensions to why they do not subscribe:
lack of exclusivity, subscriptions as too time-consuming, and unattractive payment models. We also detail how the informants maneuver around paywalls, and we highlight “multiperspectivism” as an overarching concern guiding the informants’ preferences. Empirically, the paper furthers our understanding of
the challenges facing business models for journalism, especially problems with long-term, provider-specific subscriptions. Methodologically, we demonstrate how a combination of recurring interviews and a media diary matching a subscription test period yields a deeper analysis of motivations for, and
experiences with, news use. Theoretically, the paper shows how approaching news through users’ experiences can provide insights not just into what users appreciate from news but also into where they consider there is a lack of value.
declining advertising revenues, digital subscriptions are considered the sustainable financial strategy of the future, with young people a particularly challenging group to convert. We analyze the experiences of young adults who do not pay for news and identify three key dimensions to why they do not subscribe:
lack of exclusivity, subscriptions as too time-consuming, and unattractive payment models. We also detail how the informants maneuver around paywalls, and we highlight “multiperspectivism” as an overarching concern guiding the informants’ preferences. Empirically, the paper furthers our understanding of
the challenges facing business models for journalism, especially problems with long-term, provider-specific subscriptions. Methodologically, we demonstrate how a combination of recurring interviews and a media diary matching a subscription test period yields a deeper analysis of motivations for, and
experiences with, news use. Theoretically, the paper shows how approaching news through users’ experiences can provide insights not just into what users appreciate from news but also into where they consider there is a lack of value.
2021
Trattner, Christoph; Jannach, Dietmar; Motta, Enrico; Meijer, Irene Costera; Diakopoulos, Nicholas; Elahi, Mehdi; Opdahl, Andreas L.; Tessem, Bjørnar; Borch, Njål; Fjeld, Morten; Øvrelid, Lilja; Smedt, Koenraad De; Moe, Hallvard
Responsible media technology and AI: challenges and research directions Journal Article
In: AI and Ethics, 2021.
@article{cristin2000622,
title = {Responsible media technology and AI: challenges and research directions},
author = {Christoph Trattner and Dietmar Jannach and Enrico Motta and Irene Costera Meijer and Nicholas Diakopoulos and Mehdi Elahi and Andreas L. Opdahl and Bjørnar Tessem and Njål Borch and Morten Fjeld and Lilja Øvrelid and Koenraad De Smedt and Hallvard Moe},
url = {https://app.cristin.no/results/show.jsf?id=2000622, Cristin
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43681-021-00126-4.pdf},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-021-00126-4},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-20},
urldate = {2021-12-20},
journal = {AI and Ethics},
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pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
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Knudsen, Erik; Moe, Hallvard
EN ANALYSE AV SAMMENHENGEN MELLOM BRUK AV NRKS DIGITALE NYHETSTILBUD OG BETALINGSVILJE FOR DIGITALE NYHETER Technical Report
2021.
@techreport{cristin1958452,
title = {EN ANALYSE AV SAMMENHENGEN MELLOM BRUK AV NRKS DIGITALE NYHETSTILBUD OG BETALINGSVILJE FOR DIGITALE NYHETER},
author = {Erik Knudsen and Hallvard Moe},
url = {https://app.cristin.no/results/show.jsf?id=1958452, Cristin},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Moe, Hallvard
Fake news og mediebruk Presentation
Vestlandsseminaret, 01.01.2021.
@misc{cristin1957718,
title = {Fake news og mediebruk},
author = {Hallvard Moe},
url = {https://app.cristin.no/results/show.jsf?id=1957718, Cristin},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
howpublished = {Vestlandsseminaret},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {presentation}
}
2020
Ytre-Arne, Brita; Moe, Hallvard
Folk theories of algorithms: Understanding digital irritation Journal Article
In: Media, Culture & Society, 2020, (Pre SFI).
@article{Arne2020,
title = {Folk theories of algorithms: Understanding digital irritation},
author = {Brita Ytre-Arne and Hallvard Moe},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-12-31},
journal = {Media, Culture & Society},
series = {TEST},
note = {Pre SFI},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Moe, Hallvard; Hovden, Jan Fredrik; Karppinen, Kari
Operationalizing exposure diversity. Journal Article
In: European Journal of Communication, pp. 1-2, 2020, (Pre SFI).
@article{Moe2020,
title = {Operationalizing exposure diversity.},
author = {Hallvard Moe and Jan Fredrik Hovden and Kari Karppinen},
url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0267323120966849},
doi = {10.1177/0267323120966849},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-29},
journal = {European Journal of Communication},
pages = {1-2},
abstract = {The concept of exposure diversity, the diversity of information that people actually access and use, has recently gained prominence in media policy debates. This aspect of media diversity, however, remains difficult to define, measure or implement in actual policy. In this article, we propose an empirical approach that operationalizes exposure diversity in terms of news and current affairs providers in the media repertoire of different social groups. This can be studied through cluster analysis of survey data on respondents’ combinations of use of different media providers and outlets. The article first discusses exposure diversity as a media policy aim. We then outline our proposal on how to take the debate a step further through empirical analysis of media repertoires, with an illustration of how such an analysis may be conducted using survey data from Norway.},
note = {Pre SFI},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The concept of exposure diversity, the diversity of information that people actually access and use, has recently gained prominence in media policy debates. This aspect of media diversity, however, remains difficult to define, measure or implement in actual policy. In this article, we propose an empirical approach that operationalizes exposure diversity in terms of news and current affairs providers in the media repertoire of different social groups. This can be studied through cluster analysis of survey data on respondents’ combinations of use of different media providers and outlets. The article first discusses exposure diversity as a media policy aim. We then outline our proposal on how to take the debate a step further through empirical analysis of media repertoires, with an illustration of how such an analysis may be conducted using survey data from Norway.
Ytre-Arne, Brita; Syvertsen, Trine; Moe, Hallvard; Karlsen, Faltin
Temporal ambivalences in smartphone use: Conflicting flows, conflicting responsibilities. Journal Article
In: New Media and Society, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 1715–1732, 2020, (Pre SFI).
@article{Arne2020b,
title = {Temporal ambivalences in smartphone use: Conflicting flows, conflicting responsibilities.},
author = {Brita Ytre-Arne and Trine Syvertsen and Hallvard Moe and Faltin Karlsen },
url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1461444820913561},
doi = {10.1177/1461444820913561},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-03},
journal = {New Media and Society},
volume = {22},
number = {9},
pages = {1715–1732},
abstract = {This article explores implications of the central position of the smartphone in an age of constant connectivity. Based on a qualitative study of 50 informants, we ask how users experience and handle temporal ambivalences in everyday smartphone use, drawing on the concepts flow and responsibilization to conceptualize central dimensions of such ambivalences. The notion of conflicting flows illuminates how brief checking cycles expand at the expense of other activities, resulting in a temporal conflict experienced by users. Responsibilization points to how users take individual responsibility for managing such conflicting flows, and to how this practice is difficult and conflict-ridden. We conclude that while individual time management is often framed as the solution to temporal conflicts, such attempts at regulating smartphone use appear inadequate. Our conceptualization of temporal ambivalence offers a more nuanced understanding of why this is the case.},
note = {Pre SFI},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article explores implications of the central position of the smartphone in an age of constant connectivity. Based on a qualitative study of 50 informants, we ask how users experience and handle temporal ambivalences in everyday smartphone use, drawing on the concepts flow and responsibilization to conceptualize central dimensions of such ambivalences. The notion of conflicting flows illuminates how brief checking cycles expand at the expense of other activities, resulting in a temporal conflict experienced by users. Responsibilization points to how users take individual responsibility for managing such conflicting flows, and to how this practice is difficult and conflict-ridden. We conclude that while individual time management is often framed as the solution to temporal conflicts, such attempts at regulating smartphone use appear inadequate. Our conceptualization of temporal ambivalence offers a more nuanced understanding of why this is the case.
Lomborg, Stine; Dencik, Lina; Moe, Hallvard
Methods for datafication, datafication of methods: Introduction to the Special Issue. Journal Article
In: European Journal of Communication, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 203-212, 2020, (Pre SFI).
@article{Lomborg2020,
title = {Methods for datafication, datafication of methods: Introduction to the Special Issue.},
author = {Stine Lomborg and Lina Dencik and Hallvard Moe },
url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0267323120922045},
doi = {10.1177/0267323120922045 Article information },
year = {2020},
date = {2020-05-05},
journal = {European Journal of Communication},
volume = {35},
number = {3},
pages = {203-212},
abstract = {Digital media enable processes of datafication: users' online activities leave digital traces that are transformed into data points in databases, kept by service providers and other private and public organisations, and repurposed for commercial exploitation, business innovation, surveillance -- and research. Increasingly, this also extends to sensors and recognition technologies that turn homes and cities, as well as our own bodies, into data points to be collected and analysed So-called ‘traditional’ media industries, too, including public service broadcasting, have been datafied, tracking and profiling audiences, algorithmically processing data for greater personalisation as a way to compete with new players and streaming services. Datafication both raises new research questions and brings about new avenues, and an array of tools, for empirical research. This special issue is dedicated to exploring these, linking them to broader historical trajectories of social science methodologies as well as to central concerns and perspectives in media and communication research. As such, this special issue grapples with approaches to empirical research that interlink questions of methods and tools with epistemology and practice. It discusses the datafication of methods, as well as methods for studying datafication. With this we hope to enable reflection of what research questions media and communication scholars should ask of datafication, and how new and existing methods enable us to answer them.},
note = {Pre SFI},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Digital media enable processes of datafication: users' online activities leave digital traces that are transformed into data points in databases, kept by service providers and other private and public organisations, and repurposed for commercial exploitation, business innovation, surveillance -- and research. Increasingly, this also extends to sensors and recognition technologies that turn homes and cities, as well as our own bodies, into data points to be collected and analysed So-called ‘traditional’ media industries, too, including public service broadcasting, have been datafied, tracking and profiling audiences, algorithmically processing data for greater personalisation as a way to compete with new players and streaming services. Datafication both raises new research questions and brings about new avenues, and an array of tools, for empirical research. This special issue is dedicated to exploring these, linking them to broader historical trajectories of social science methodologies as well as to central concerns and perspectives in media and communication research. As such, this special issue grapples with approaches to empirical research that interlink questions of methods and tools with epistemology and practice. It discusses the datafication of methods, as well as methods for studying datafication. With this we hope to enable reflection of what research questions media and communication scholars should ask of datafication, and how new and existing methods enable us to answer them.
Holst, Cathrine; Moe, Hallvard
Deliberative systems theory and citizens’ use of online media: testing a critical theory of democracy on a high achiever. Journal Article
In: Political Studies, pp. 1-18, 2020, (Pre SFI).
@article{Holst2020,
title = {Deliberative systems theory and citizens’ use of online media: testing a critical theory of democracy on a high achiever.},
author = {Cathrine Holst and Hallvard Moe },
url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0032321719890809},
doi = {10.1177/0032321719890809 Article information },
year = {2020},
date = {2020-04-06},
journal = {Political Studies},
pages = {1-18},
abstract = {Deliberative systems theory is a promising candidate for a normative theory of democracy that combines ideal requirements with feasibility. Yet, recent theoretical elaborations and studies of citizens’ online media use inspired by the theory suffer from an incomplete account of the public sphere’s epistemic function, too rough interpretations of participatory levels, shortcomings in the understanding of online media, and a context-insensitive notion of policy reform. Addressing these weaknesses, the article argues for a refined version of deliberative systems theory. Particular attention is given to feasibility considerations. Reviewing studies of online democracy in Norway, the article shows that the theoretical critique has practical significance. It is also argued that the amended version of the deliberative systems approach produces a diagnosis of Norwegian online democracy more in line with reasonable expectations to a high achiever. This is taken as a prima facie indicator of feasibility.},
note = {Pre SFI},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Deliberative systems theory is a promising candidate for a normative theory of democracy that combines ideal requirements with feasibility. Yet, recent theoretical elaborations and studies of citizens’ online media use inspired by the theory suffer from an incomplete account of the public sphere’s epistemic function, too rough interpretations of participatory levels, shortcomings in the understanding of online media, and a context-insensitive notion of policy reform. Addressing these weaknesses, the article argues for a refined version of deliberative systems theory. Particular attention is given to feasibility considerations. Reviewing studies of online democracy in Norway, the article shows that the theoretical critique has practical significance. It is also argued that the amended version of the deliberative systems approach produces a diagnosis of Norwegian online democracy more in line with reasonable expectations to a high achiever. This is taken as a prima facie indicator of feasibility.
2019
Moe, Hallvard
Distributed Readiness Citizenship: A Realistic, Normative Concept for Citizens’ Public Connection. Journal Article
In: Communication Theory, 2019, ISSN: 1050–3293, (Pre SFI).
@article{Moe2019,
title = {Distributed Readiness Citizenship: A Realistic, Normative Concept for Citizens’ Public Connection.},
author = {Hallvard Moe},
url = {https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/bitstream/handle/1956/23098/qtz016.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y},
doi = {10.1093/ct/qtz016},
issn = {1050–3293},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-12-09},
journal = {Communication Theory},
abstract = {This article argues that our view of citizens as miserably failing to maintain their role in democracy is problematic, and that the problems stem from the “informed citizen” ideal: it is too demanding, but also misses the target. The article proposes an alternative normative concept for citizens’ public connection: distributed readiness citizenship. The concept highlights how the state of being prepared to act is more important than levels of measurable political knowledge. Readiness is crucial to finding enough information and relevant cues, and it cannot be assessed based on individual citizens in isolation, but should be considered as distributed, and embodied in citizens’ social networks, with a division of labor. With such a conceptualization, we are better equipped to evaluate existing conditions, judge the impact of populism and propaganda, and figure out how to improve the chances for those less well-off to participate in democracy.},
note = {Pre SFI},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article argues that our view of citizens as miserably failing to maintain their role in democracy is problematic, and that the problems stem from the “informed citizen” ideal: it is too demanding, but also misses the target. The article proposes an alternative normative concept for citizens’ public connection: distributed readiness citizenship. The concept highlights how the state of being prepared to act is more important than levels of measurable political knowledge. Readiness is crucial to finding enough information and relevant cues, and it cannot be assessed based on individual citizens in isolation, but should be considered as distributed, and embodied in citizens’ social networks, with a division of labor. With such a conceptualization, we are better equipped to evaluate existing conditions, judge the impact of populism and propaganda, and figure out how to improve the chances for those less well-off to participate in democracy.
2018
Ytre-Arne, Brita; Moe, Hallvard
Approximately Informed, Occasionally Monitorial? Reconsidering Normative Citizen Ideals. Journal Article
In: International Journal of Press/Politics, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 227–246, 2018, (Pre SFI).
@article{Arne2018,
title = {Approximately Informed, Occasionally Monitorial? Reconsidering Normative Citizen Ideals.},
author = {Brita Ytre-Arne and Hallvard Moe},
url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1940161218771903},
doi = {10.1177/1940161218771903},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-04-27},
journal = {International Journal of Press/Politics},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {227–246},
abstract = {This article identifies gaps between normative ideals and realistic accounts of news use in democracy today. Starting from the widespread but unrealistic ideal of the informed citizen, and its more realistic development through notions of the monitorial citizen, we analyze comprehensive qualitative data on news users’ experiences. We describe these news users as approximately informed, occasionally monitorial. This description emphasizes the limited, shifting, and partial figurations of societal information that citizens are able to obtain through their use of journalistic and social media, and thereby challenges normative ideals. How do monitorial ideals function when the citizens are only occasionally on guard? By zooming in on three key gaps between even a less demanding ideal and actual practices in news use, we underline the need to further reconceptualize our expectations of citizens’ news use.},
note = {Pre SFI},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article identifies gaps between normative ideals and realistic accounts of news use in democracy today. Starting from the widespread but unrealistic ideal of the informed citizen, and its more realistic development through notions of the monitorial citizen, we analyze comprehensive qualitative data on news users’ experiences. We describe these news users as approximately informed, occasionally monitorial. This description emphasizes the limited, shifting, and partial figurations of societal information that citizens are able to obtain through their use of journalistic and social media, and thereby challenges normative ideals. How do monitorial ideals function when the citizens are only occasionally on guard? By zooming in on three key gaps between even a less demanding ideal and actual practices in news use, we underline the need to further reconceptualize our expectations of citizens’ news use.